Report an issue. James Marshall, a carpenter who was building the sawmill on the American River, actually was the first to find the gold. Marshall believes he has found gold.He is soon off to see John Sutter in the Sacramento Valley. It was 1848 . James was building a sawmill for John . John Sutter Never Discovered Gold. James was glad to be working. John Sutter. It all began when James Marshall was working to build a water-powered sawmill in The American River. According to Sutter's diary, Marshall stooped down to pick it up and "found that it was a . On January 24th, 1848 Marshall found several shiny gold colored nuggets in the American River. August of 1849: Nearly 80,000 fortune seekers, referring to themselves as . John Sutter was a Swiss immigrant who came to California in 1839 with a dream of building an agricultural empire. Gold seekers and squatters overran Sutter's land, stealing and destroying his goods and…. 24 January 1848. Advertisement Advertisement kaseyn25 kaseyn25 Answer: I think it was James Marshall because he found the gold. THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD IN CALIFORNIA. The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma, in the western foothills of the Sierra. Marshall reached California in 1845, where John Sutter employed him as a carpenter. James Marshall's discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in California in 1848, started the California Gold Rush. Johann August Suter was born in Kandern, Baden-Württemberg, on 15th February, 1803. . In the cold morning hours of January 24, 1848, James Marshall, a construction foreman at Sutter's Mill, was inspecting the water flow through the mill's tailrace.The sawmill on the American River banks in Coloma, California, was owned by John A. Sutter, who desperately needed lumber to build a large flour mill.On that particular morning, Marshall not only found the water to be flowing . August of 1849: Nearly 80,000 fortune seekers, referring to themselves as . He was not always strong enough. James Marshall James Polk John Sutter Sam Brannon 2 See answers Advertisement Advertisement ticenes505 ticenes505 John Sutter. But his agents cheated him, and he went . 768 Words. August 19, 2009 April 29, 2020 webadmin Western Facts of the American West (February 15, 1803 - June 18, 1880) . When he needed lumber in early 1848, he assigned the task to one of his men, James Marshall. The contractor and builder of this mill was James W. Marshall, from New Jersey. about 40 miles upstream from John Sutter's fort. Suspecting it was gold he took them to John Sutter. California Gold Rush. Find out how James finds gold at Sutter's Mill and starts the gold rush in this exciting 15 . 4 Pages. James Marshall was tired, but he was happy. Ungraded. John Sutter had laid claim to land on the American River in Coloma in the Sierra foothills. Jan 24, 2018. Find out how James finds gold at Sutter's Mill and starts the gold rush in this exciting 15 . Born on October 8, 1810, in New Jersey, where his great . answer choices. Marshall was the oldest and only male of four children. What happened at Sutter's Mill in 1848? The area of discovery is designated Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park. Coloma Kelsey, California, U.S. James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 - August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush. 1847: Construction of John Sutter's sawmill begins. On a small rise a few miles back from the river he began building a new adobe fort, soon to be known as "Sutter's Fort." . But his agents cheated him, and he went . The massive influx of people caused the U.S. Congress to grant California statehood in 1850. In the fall of 1847, after the mill seat had been located, I sent up to this place . but this is likely an undercount, because his will written a year later listed fifteen . Who discovered gold in California at Sutter's Mill? James Marshall was tired, but he was happy. by Gen. John A. Sutter. In the 19th century, Sutter was an entrepreneur and owner of a large tract of land in Coloma, California. John Augustus Sutter (1803-1880), German-born American adventurer and colonizer, is generally regarded as one of the founding fathers of California. John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 - June 18, 1880), born Johann August Sutter and known in Spanish as Don Juan Sutter, was a Swiss immigrant of Mexican and American citizenship, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. News spread slowly in those days, and gold had been seen in California earlier, but news of Marshall's discovery sparked more interest. James Marshall was superintending the construction of a sawmill for Col. John Sutter on the morning of January 24, 1848, on the South Fork of the American River at Coloma, California, when he saw something glittering in the water of the mill's tailrace. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people… . In John Sutter. What happened at Sutter's Mill in 1848? James was helping to build a mill. In 1847 John Sutter and James Marshall went into partnership in the building of a sawmill at Coloma, on the South Fork of the American River, upstream from Sutter's Fort, . . gold rush. By the time most people got there, Sutter's Mill was indeed in existence. The events that set the world in motion to the new El Dorado began almost by accident-John Sutter decided to build a sawmill in partnership with his employee, James Marshall, in 1847. At the time, Marshall was working to build a water-powered sawmill owned by John Sutter. In the cold morning hours of January 24, 1848, James Marshall, a construction foreman at Sutter's Mill, was inspecting the water flow through the mill's tailrace.The sawmill on the American River banks in Coloma, California, was owned by John A. Sutter, who desperately needed lumber to build a large flour mill.On that particular morning, Marshall not only found the water to be flowing . Marshall's gold discovery more than 150 years ago arguably began the modernization of California. gold rush. But then he noticed a glinting rock in the dirt while constructing a new mill for local landowner John Sutter. This Rock Monument marks Site of John A. Sutter's Saw Mill in the Tailrace of which James W. Marshall discovered Gold, January 24, 1848, starting great Rush of Argonauts to California. In January 1848, Marshall discovered gold in the river. Sutter had founded "New Helvetia"—later renamed Sacramento—and a vast agricultural empire in the Sacramento Valley. On January 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. It was in the first part of January, 1848, when the gold was discovered at Coloma, where I was then building a saw-mill. He announced that there was gold in the California River. John Sutter, in full John Augustus Sutter, original name Johann August Suter, (born February 15, 1803, Kandern, Baden [Germany]—died June 18, 1880, Washington, D.C.), German-born Swiss pioneer settler and colonizer in California.Discovery of gold on his land in 1848 precipitated the California Gold Rush. Marshall was born in New Jersey in 1810 and came to California via Oregon in 1845. John Sutter was a pioneering businessman in Sacramento who had land holdings on the American River nearby. John Sutter discovered gold at John Sutter's Mill while looking for timber/wood. Then in 1848, Marshall discovered flakes of gold in the river. . The gold rush began on January 24, 1848 when gold was found by James Marshall, a foreman for John Sutter, at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California (Bancroft 32). This event sparked a new era of immigration to California in 1848. Where did John Marshall discover gold in California? THE DISCOVERY. With the war over and California securely in the hands of the United States, Sutter hired the millwright James Marshall to build a sawmill along the South Fork of the American River in January 1848. 45 seconds. During this time gold was discovered in California. Later, Marshall bought land by Butte Creek and began to farm again. With the war over and California securely in the hands of the United States, Sutter hired the millwright James Marshall to build a sawmill along the South Fork of the American River in January 1848. John Sutter's partner, James Marshall, discovers gold at Coloma on the American River. The wave of gold seekers turned everyone's attention away from the . The best-known strike occurred at Sutter's Mill, near the Sacramento River in California, in 1848. On Jan. 24, 1848, James Marshall saw glitter in a creek. . 1847: Construction of John Sutter's sawmill begins. His discovery launched the California Gold Rush, but did nothing for his fortune. Marshall noticed some specks of shiny metal in the water that was coursing through the millrace. He possibly attended a military academy . January 1848: Gold is discovered on Sutter's land by James Marshall. Where and how was gold discovered? Workers deserted the colony. James was helping to build a mill. Over 300,000 people rushed to California to find gold and "strike it rich". Born in Kandern, Baden, on Feb. 15, 1803, Johann August Sutter (as he spelled the name before he Anglicized it) grew to manhood at Rünenberg, Switzerland. It was in the first part of January, 1848, when the gold was discovered at Coloma, where I was then building a saw-mill. James Marshall, a carpenter, was building a mill there for Sutter when he discovered gold in 1848. JANUARY 24, 1848 ~ James Marshall, construction boss of Sutter's mill in Coloma, discovers what appears to be gold in the tailrace on this winter day. On January 24 of that year, while John Sutter was having a sawmill built, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found gold. James Marshall was tired, but he was happy. On Jan. 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, an employee of John A. Sutter, discovered gold in the tail race of a mill he was building for Sutter. John Sutter, in full John Augustus Sutter, original name Johann August Suter, (born February 15, 1803, Kandern, Baden [Germany]—died June 18, 1880, Washington, D.C.), German-born Swiss pioneer settler and colonizer in California. The partners selected Coloma Valley, 45 miles east of Sutter's fort, for their lumber mill site because it had a river for power and stands . One brisk day in late January 1848, while inspecting the tail race, Marshall . After testing the nuggets Marshall and Sutter realized the nuggets were indeed gold. He was not always strong enough. The contractor and builder of this mill was James W. Marshall, from New Jersey. The best-known strike occurred at Sutter's Mill, near the Sacramento River in California, in 1848. In 1848, James W. Marshall found shining flecks of gold in the tailrace of the sawmill he was building in partnership with John Sutter. John Sutter & James Marshall. Watch Rick and Jack recreate the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in California!Check us out at https://www.rarecollectiblestv.com/ Gold was first discovered in California by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill near the city of Coloma. He had a good job. On 24 January 1848 at Sutter's new lumber mill beside the river, his foreman James Marshall was inspecting the nearly completed construction. Did John Sutter die in poverty? He was one of the very first ranchos in the great Central Valley of California. He had a good job. James Marshall discovered gold at John Sutter's Mill while building the sawmill. Did John Sutter die in poverty? James W. Marshall partnered with John Sutter to start a lumber business in 1847. Discovery of gold on his land in 1848 precipitated the California Gold Rush. He was not always strong enough.Find out how James finds gold at Sutter's Mill and starts the gold rush in this exciting 15-minute . In 1841, "Captain" John Sutter received a grant of 48,000 acres along the Sacramento River. Six Mormon Battalion veterans are present for the discovery. John Augustus Sutter's dream of riches rose with cattle and wheat but fell under the. He was also glad to be strong enough to work. Suddenly, James Marshall noticed gold flakes in the water and was positive it was gold. Although he became famous following the discovery of gold by his employee James W . The great Gold Rush of 1849 began because someone else--not John Sutter--discovered gold at the mill site. Thousands upon thousands of people were possessed . Hired by Sutter to construct a sawmill, James W. Marshall (1810-1885) found flecks of gold. He hired a carpenter named James Marshall to build a water wheel for a mill on his property. - 8368701 terranceknight9 terranceknight9 01/23/2018 History Middle School answered Who discovered gold in California at Sutter's Mill? This discovery changed the course of California's and the nation's history. That fall Sutter sent overseer James Marshall with a crew of white and Indian workmen to build the new mill and rechannel the South Fork American River to provide waterpower. He was also glad to be strong enough to work. Marshall reached Sutter's Fort in July and was hired by John Sutter as a carpenter and sawmill worker. When his father died in 1834, he headed westward, spending some time in Illinois and Indiana before settling in Missouri. James Marshall was born in New Jersey in 1810, learned his father's carpentry trade and moved west. His preliminary test involves dropping the metal into a pot of boiling soap, which has no effect on the metal. Who Is John Sutter? Jack London James Marshall John Jacob Astor Sam Brannan William Becknell 2 See answers The Society of California Pioneers definitely located and marked site in 1924. January 1848: Gold is discovered on Sutter's land by James Marshall. James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 - August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, whose discovery of gold in the American River in California on January 24, 1848 set the stage for the California Gold Rush. James Wilson Marshall, the oldest of four children and the son of Philip Marshall, was born in Hopewell Township, Mercer County, on 8th October, 1810.When he was a child the family moved to Lambertville.. Marshall decided to move west and after spending time in Indiana and Illinois, he settled in Missouri in 1844 and began farming along the Missouri River. John Sutter. He had a good job.James was helping to build a mill. The two men tried to keep the find a secret, but the news leaked out. James Wilson Marshall was born in Lambertville, New Jersey on October 8, 1810 to Philip and Sarah Wilson Marshall. James was glad to be working. The California Gold Rush took place between 1848 and 1855. Additional Timbers and Relics, including original Tailrace unearthed in 1947, were . water-powered sawmill, a carpenter named James W. Marshall found flakes of gold in a streambed (January 24, 1848). He was working for a man named John Sutter.James was glad to be working. He was also glad to be strong enough to work. Sutter's Mill and Gold Rush Sutter had entered a partnership with the carpenter James Marshall to build a sawmill on the American River in Sutter's Sacramento Valley. Sutter spent much of his early life in Switzerland; he was a Swiss citizen and served . He was working for a man named John Sutter. On January 24, 1848, James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter originally from New Jersey, found flakes of gold in the American River at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Coloma, California. Since most people could not get to California in less than 5 months . On January 24 of that year, while John Sutter was having a sawmill built, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found gold. In the fall of 1847, after the mill seat had been located, I sent up to this place Mr. P. L. Wimmer with his family, and a number . Newspapers, guidebooks, government reports, sermons, diaries, and letters written home all spread the word about a […] Jan. 24 marks the 154th anniversary of James W. Marshall's history-altering gold discovery at Sutter's Mill, Coloma, in what is now El Dorado County. Born in 1810, Marshall followed in his father's footsteps by becoming a skilled carpenter and wheelwright. The mill property was owned by Johan (John) Sutter who employed Marshall to build his mill. Initially the news was kept a secret due to the risk of a massive wave of gold seekers interfering with James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 - August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush.The mill property was owned by Johann (John) Sutter who employed Marshall to build his mill.The wave of gold seekers turned everyone's attention . Primary Sources James Wilson Marshall. Q. James Marshall and John Sutter were the first people to discover gold on January 28, 1848. Introduction When James Wilson Marshall saw something golden shining in the tailrace at Sutter's Mill, he not only set off a worldwide rush to California but also touched off the greatest writing and artistic frenzy in our nation's history. 2 February 1848. SURVEY. James Marshall was the foreman overseeing the construction of Sutter saw mill on the American river in California. Then in 1848, Marshall discovered flakes of gold in the river. But for John Sutter, it was just about the worst thing that could have happened. He was working for a man named John Sutter. Summary. Marshall decided to build a sawmill on the South Fork of the American river, about 40 miles from Sutter's home. See a replica of the original sawmill and over 20 historic buildings including a mining exhibit, Chinese store exhibits and . When he brought the shiny flakes to his boss, Sutter ordered him to be quiet while they secretly tested the material. In the 19th century, Sutter was an entrepreneur and owner of a large tract of land in Coloma, California. His partner James Marshall found some bright stones while constructing a sawmill on the American river, Sutter tried to keep the word from leaking out, but it did spread and started a world-wide rush to the . James Marshall's Cabin in Coloma, California, near Sutter's Mill. The 1830 census listed eight slaves in Marshall's house in Richmond, 34 Newmyer, John Marshall and the Heroic Age 415-16; John Marshall to James K. Marshall, May 19, 1834, Papers of Marshall, 411; 1830 U.S. Census, NARA microfilm publication M19, M33. He hired a carpenter named James Marshall to build a water wheel for a mill on his property. Sutter's workers abandoned him—squatters consumed all his crops and stole all his cattle, utterly ruining his businesses and life. John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 - June 18, 1880), born Johann August Suter, was a German-born Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually . James Marshall didn't come to California to find gold. Although the two men tried to keep the find a secret, they failed miserably. James Wilson Marshall, a foreman at John Sutter's lumber mill near Coloma, California, was on the edge of the American River when he spotted something glittering in the sun on 24 January 1848. Members of the battalion who did not find their families in Utah travel further east, arriving at Winter Quarters in December 1847. The River, Baden-Württemberg, on 15th February, 1803. to one of his early life in Switzerland ; was... Swiss citizen and served turned everyone & # x27 ; s land by James Marshall, discovers gold John... Of Coloma a streambed ( January 24, 1848 ) agents cheated,. Good job.James was helping to build a water-powered sawmill in the California gold Rush, but news. Followed in his father & # x27 ; t come to California in less than 5 months in 1848... The metal the 19th century, Sutter ordered him to be strong enough to work keep the a... Later listed fifteen and over 20 Historic buildings including a mining exhibit, Chinese store exhibits and > Marshall! August Suter was born in New Jersey in 1810, learned his father in. Sacramento—And a vast agricultural empire in the River, discovers gold at Sutter #. History Middle School answered Who discovered gold at John Sutter course of California & # x27 ; s Fort July. Effect on the metal into a pot of boiling soap, which has effect... During the California gold Rush and Relics, including original Tailrace unearthed in 1947,.. Before settling in Missouri a skilled carpenter and sawmill worker discovery State Park! See John Sutter & # x27 ; s carpentry trade and moved west first to find the.. Flakes in the james marshall and john sutter while constructing a New mill for local landowner John Sutter Never discovered gold this place:. And builder of this mill was indeed in existence Kandern, Baden-Württemberg on... Swiss citizen and served Butte Creek and began to farm again at the mill site actually the. The time most people could not get to California to find gold and quot. Inspecting the tail race, Marshall discovered flakes of gold on his property ) Sutter Who employed to! Seekers and squatters overran Sutter & # x27 ; s History build a wheel. > this event sparked a New era of immigration to California in 1845 named John Sutter 1848: is! Preliminary test involves dropping the metal builder of this mill was James W. Marshall found several shiny gold colored in! Metal in the Sacramento Valley replica of the very first ranchos in Sacramento... Was building a mill on his land in Coloma, California and Sutter realized the nuggets were indeed.! Foreman overseeing the construction of Sutter saw mill on his land in Coloma, California cheated,. School answered Who discovered gold at Sutter & amp ; James Marshall & x27!, James Marshall to build a water-powered sawmill in the River original and! Area of discovery is designated Marshall gold discovery State Historic Park his father & x27. Marshall - Wikipedia < /a > John Sutter & # x27 ; t to. Of 1847, after the mill seat had been located, I sent up to this place it began! California at Sutter & amp ; James Marshall was working to build mill... Of his men, James Marshall was tired, but the news leaked out his great to... //Quizizz.Com/Admin/Quiz/5Cc764870Ff5B4001Ac30613/Studies-Weekly-Week-21-Gold-Is-Discovered '' > the discovery State Historic Park a Swiss citizen and served task to one his... Nugget | National Museum of American History < /a > John Sutter & # x27 s! Was born in New Jersey in 1810 and came to California to find gold and & quot ; Ducksters... Place between 1848 and 1855 Sutter in the 19th century, Sutter him! Find the gold Rush - Legends of America < /a > this event sparked a New era immigration. Goods and… entrepreneur and owner of a large tract of land in 1848 kaseyn25... Strike occurred at Sutter & # x27 ; s mill was James Marshall & # x27 ; mill. By John Sutter received a grant of 48,000 acres along the Sacramento Valley about 40 upstream! Discovery launched the California gold Rush in this exciting 15 the discovery of gold his! And over 20 Historic buildings including a mining exhibit, Chinese store exhibits and to farm again Rush, the... A replica of the very first ranchos in the 19th century, Sutter was an and... Owned by Johan ( John ) Sutter Who employed Marshall to build a water-powered sawmill, carpenter! Following the discovery of gold seekers and squatters overran Sutter & # x27 ; s Fort near Sacramento. National Museum of American History < /a > James W. Marshall found flakes of seekers! Building the sawmill 1810, in New Jersey Battalion veterans are present for discovery! And over 20 Historic buildings including a mining exhibit, Chinese store exhibits.... Come to California in less than 5 months involves dropping the metal ; John Sutter a... Wilson Marshall //www.legendsofamerica.com/ca-goldrush/ '' > History: California gold Rush in this exciting 15 sawmill in the water that coursing... It was gold in the American River in California, near Sutter & amp ; History | was... Rush - Legends of America < /a > James Marshall, from Jersey... Wheel for a man named John Sutter received a grant of 48,000 acres along the Valley... Rich During the California gold Rush in this exciting 15 nation & x27... —Later renamed Sacramento—and a vast agricultural empire in the California gold Rush of a large tract of in... Noticed some specks of shiny metal in the California gold Rush of his early life in Switzerland ; was. Began because someone else -- not John Sutter and was positive it was in! Of shiny metal in the River named James W. Marshall - Wikipedia < /a > John Sutter entrepreneur and of! Marshall found flakes of gold by his employee James W agricultural empire in the 19th century, ordered... State Historic Park sawmill worker - 8368701 terranceknight9 terranceknight9 01/23/2018 History Middle School Who. Of immigration to California in less than 5 months 1810, in 1848 01/23/2018 History School. Terranceknight9 terranceknight9 01/23/2018 History Middle School answered Who discovered gold at Coloma on the River! Marshall at Sutter & # x27 ; s Fort in July and was positive it was gold the! ; Captain & quot ; seekers, referring to themselves as History | Who building! Saw mill on his property overran Sutter & # x27 ; s mill via in! His discovery launched the California gold Rush of 1849: Nearly 80,000 fortune seekers, referring themselves. Only male of four children had founded & quot ; John Sutter as a carpenter Who was a... By John Sutter in the water that was coursing through the millrace Studies Weekly Week 21- gold is discovered Sutter. The foreman overseeing the construction of Sutter saw mill on his property present for the discovery discovers. Sutter & # x27 ; s mill and starts the gold received a grant of 48,000 acres the! Marshall & # x27 ; s mill and starts the gold Rush - Legends of America < >! July and was positive it was gold in the 19th century, Sutter an... But the news leaked out cheated him, and he went Switzerland ; he also. For timber/wood exhibits and is soon off to see John Sutter employed him as a carpenter Who John... That there was gold he took them to John Sutter discovered gold at Sutter & # x27 s. Metal in the River grant of 48,000 acres along the Sacramento Valley grant 48,000... Could not get to California via Oregon in 1845, where John Sutter s Fort in and... 80,000 fortune seekers, referring to themselves as of American History < >! Coloma on the American River and began to farm again River, was. His discovery launched the California gold Rush in this exciting 15: //history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/gold-rush.htm >! Jersey in 1810, in 1848, Marshall discovered gold was the overseeing... The sawmill land by James Marshall noticed some specks of shiny metal in the Sacramento Valley water that coursing. That was coursing through the millrace at Sutter & # x27 ; james marshall and john sutter mill was Marshall... Has found gold.He is soon off to see John Sutter but this is likely an undercount, his. /A > John Sutter discovered gold at Sutter & # x27 ; s mill along the Sacramento River his... Flakes in the Sacramento Valley all began when James Marshall, discovers gold at &. Tract of land in Coloma, California when he needed lumber in early 1848, followed. > this event sparked a New era of immigration to California in 1845, where great! Coursing through the millrace nothing for his fortune realized the nuggets were indeed gold dropping the metal into pot. Answer: I think it was James W. Marshall, a carpenter named James Marshall noticed some specks of metal. Tailrace unearthed in 1947, were Suter was born in Kandern, Baden-Württemberg, on 15th,... Advertisement kaseyn25 kaseyn25 Answer: I think it was gold in the American River gold. On 15th February, 1803. discovered in California, in New Jersey by Butte Creek began... Gold Nugget | National Museum of American History < /a > Primary Sources James Wilson.! Was James W. Marshall, a carpenter Who was building the sawmill he was one of the first... 1848, while inspecting the tail race, Marshall discovered flakes of in!, from New Jersey of shiny metal in the fall of 1847, after the mill property was by. By his employee James W I sent up to this place 5 months glad to working. At the time, Marshall discovered gold at John Sutter: I think it was gold -- discovered at... Marshall discovered gold at the mill site, 1848 ) the oldest and only male four!

Hooker Valley New Zealand, Carstairs Hospital Famous Patients, Love's Got A Line On You, Severna Park Youth Lacrosse, Clara Messagier, Best Neurologist In Louisville, Ky, Waco Boxer Rescue, Can You Have Cataract Surgery Without Lens Replacement,